Highlights |UPSC Exam Current Affairs 06-12-2019
Current Affairs and News (06-12-2019)- The following article contains all the updated events and news for IAS Preparation. Our daily IAS Current Affairs and News cover the most important topics to give precise information to the reader and IAS Aspirants.
- Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA)
- RBI keeps interest rate unchanged
- Uighur issue
- Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA)
- Zero FIR
- Nirav Modi now a fugitive economic offender
- Personal Data Protection Bill
- Fugitive Economic Offender (FEO)
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UPSC Exam Current Affairs 06-12-2019 are followed in the part below:
UPSC Exam Current Affairs and News Analysis (06-12-2019)
Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA)
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III- Economy
In News
- Envisioning deficiency of household supplies, Alcohol makers have looked for a decrease in import obligation to make it savvy for them to import Extra Neutral Alcohol from worldwide markets.
- Additional Neutral Alcohol (ENA) is the essential crude material for making mixed drinks. It is a lackluster nourishment grade liquor that doesn’t have any debasements.
- It has an unbiased smell and taste, and regularly contains more than 95 percent liquor by volume.
- It is gotten from various sources — sugarcane molasses and grains — and is utilized in the creation of mixed refreshments, for example, whisky, vodka, gin, stick, mixers, and alcoholic organic product drinks.
- ENA likewise fills in as a basic fixing in the assembling of beautifiers and individual consideration items, for example, scents, toiletries, hair shower, and so on.
- Given its properties as a decent dissolvable, ENA additionally finds mechanical use and is used in the generation of certain polishes, paints and ink for the printing business, just as in pharmaceutical items, for example, germicides, drugs, syrups, sedated showers.
- Like ethanol, ENA is a result of the sugar business, and is framed from molasses that are a buildup of sugarcane preparing
RBI keeps interest rate unchanged
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III – Economy
In News
- The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) declared that it would not cut the repo rate (by and by at 5.15%) in its last fiscal approach audit for the present schedule year
- Repo rate is the rate at which India’s national bank credits cash to the financial framework.
- It is likewise the rate to which every new advance in the economy are benchmarked.
- A cut in the repo rate would have flagged a further decrease in the financing cost new borrowers — wanting to benefit advances for homes and autos and so on — will be charged by the financial framework.
- Most financial specialists and investors anticipated that the RBI should cut the repo rate in an offer to support India’s strongly decelerating monetary development.
- In the initial five every other month approach audits of 2020, the RBI had cut repo rate by 135 premise points.But just around 44 bps have been given to the purchasers of new advances. The RBI accepts that with additional time, the money related transmission will extend.
- RBI additionally highlighted the way that there is cash in the market in the event that one needs to get however credit off-take has been feeble and it is probably not going to improve by another rate cut.
- With regards to fiscal arrangement, the RBI’s most significant command is to keep up value dependability. With rising swelling, RBI is stressed that further cut in repo rate would additionally fuel expansion.
Do You Know?
- The RBI is legally necessary to keep up retail swelling — which depends on Consumer Price Index (CPI) — at the 4% level (with a band of variety of 2 rate point)
- Retail swelling rose to a 16-month high in October and ruptured the RBI’s objective degree of 4% even as India’s GDP development decelerated for the 6th back to back quarter to only 4.5% in Q2 (July to September), which is another six-year low.
- The explanation behind the ascent in expansion is the spike in nourishment costs, as farming division experienced the sudden climate stuns, for example, unseasonal downpours (in Karnataka, Maharashtra and Kerala)
Uighur issue
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains II- International Relations
In News
- On December third, the US House of Representatives passed by a 407-1 vote a Bill – The Uighur Human Rights Policy Act 2019 – that looks to force endorses on senior Chinese authorities for their contribution in the detainment of Muslims.
- The billalso requires the United States Secretary of Commerce to consider restricting the clearance of US-made products or administrations to any state operator in Xinjiang.
- The Uyghurs are a Turkic ethnic gathering who live in East and Central Asia.They live essentially in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China, where they are one of 55 formally perceived ethnic minorities. Uyghurs fundamentally practice Islam.
- China has kept at any rate a million Uighurs and different Muslims, including ethnic Kazakhs and Uzbeks, in “re-instruction camps” in the nation’s northwesternXinjiang region.
- The crackdown against the Muslims in the area — who are ethnically and socially closer to focal Asia than to the territory Han Chinese — escalated after mobs broke out in the local capital Urumqi in 2009, in which more than 200 individuals were slaughtered.
Do You Know?
- President Trump marked into law on November 27 The Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act 2019. Under this law, the US government must force sanctions against Chinese and Hong Kong authorities answerable for human rights maltreatment in Hong Kong.
Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA)
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-III – Economy
In News
- IEPFA marked a MOU with Bank of Baroda for Investor Awareness.
- In 2016, Government of India built up IEPFA under the arrangements of segment 125 of the Companies Act, 2013.
- The Authority is depended with the obligation of organization of the Investor Education Protection Fund (IEPF), make discounts of offers, unclaimed profits, developed stores/debentures and so forth to financial specialists and to advance mindfulness among speculators.
Zero FIR
Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – Polity& Governance
In News
- With regards to the Hyderabad Veterinary specialist rape& murder case, her family asserted that the Shamsabad police headquarters postponed the recording of a FIR refering to jurisdictional issues
- FIR which represents First Information Report has sequential number, date of event, time of event, spot of event, substance of grievance and so forth and it is stopped as a result of commission of cognizable offence (an offence where police can make suo moto move and no earlier endorsement from court is required).
- Each police headquarters has jurisdictional region for which they can take up the examination if commission of cognizable offense region found under their ward.
- Be that as it may, in Zero FIR, any police headquarters can enlist FIR regardless of jurisdictional region yet the examination will be taken up the police in which spot of event announced in FIR.
- The police headquarters can enlist the zero FIR stamping it sequential number zero and move to the skilled jurisdictional territory which can complete the examination.
- The sacredness of legitimate procedure stays same in zero FIR. It is extremely useful for individuals as it encourages them by not permitting to make rounds of various police headquarters for cabin the FIR.
Do You Know?
- A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in LalitaKumari v. Govt. of U.P held that enrollment of FIR is compulsory under Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, if the data uncovers commission of a cognizable offense.
- Inspite of the Justice Verma Committee report and furthermore the different warnings gave by the Ministry of Home Affairs on the enrollment of Zero FIR, the police are as yet hesitant to enlist an instance of cognizable offense particularly in bodies of evidence identifying with horrifying wrongdoings against ladies.
Nirav Modi now a fugitive economic offender
Part of: GS Prelims and GS Mains III- Economy
In News
- A unique Prevention of Money Laundering Act court proclaimed precious stone merchant Nirav Modi, a charged in the Punjab National Bank trick case, a criminal monetary guilty party.
- Nirav Modi is the subsequent individual to be announced an outlaw monetary guilty party, under the new Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, after alcohol nobleman Vijay Mallya.
- Presently, the Union government can take his benefits.
- The assertion would likewise help in the removal procedures pending under the watchful eye of a United Kingdom court
About Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018
- The target of the demonstration is to discourage monetary wrongdoers from evading the procedure of Indian law by staying outside the locale of Indian courts.
- FEO is characterized as an individualwho has perpetrated offenses including a measure of 100 crore rupees or more and has fled from India to maintain a strategic distance from criminal indictment.
(MAINS FOCUS)
INTERNAL SECURITY
TOPIC: General Studies 3:
- Mindfulness in its fields, Space, Computers, apply autonomy, nano-innovation, bio-innovation and issues identifying with protected innovation rights.
Personal Data Protection Bill
The Personal Data Protection (PDP) Bill, 2019, has been endorsed by the Cabinet and is scheduled to be set in Parliament this winter session.
What do we mean by data?
- Information ordinarily alludes to data about messages, web based life posts, online exchanges, and program look.
- The person whose information is being put away and handled is known as the information head in the PDP Bill.
- This huge assortment of data has become a significant wellspring of benefits, yet in addition a potential road for attack of protection since it can uncover very close to home viewpoints.
Organizations, governments, and ideological groups can utilize it to locate the most persuading approaches to publicize on the web.
Who handles data and how?
- Information is put away in a physical space like a file organizer of archives, and
- It is moved crosswise over nation fringes in submerged links that run as profound as Mount Everest and up to multiple times the Indian Ocean.
- To be viewed as helpful, information must be prepared, which means broke down by PCs.
- Information is gathered and dealt with by substances called information trustees.
- The trustee controls how and why information is prepared,
- The handling itself might be by an outsider, the information processor.
- For instance, in the US, Facebook (the information controller) fell into debate for the activities of the information processor — Cambridge Analytica.
- The physical characteristics of information — where information is put away, where it is sent, where it is transformed into something valuable — are called information streams.
- Information localisation contentions are started on the possibility that information streams figure out who approaches the information, who benefits off it, who expenses and who “possesses” it.
- In any case, many battle that the physical area of the information isn’t pertinent in the digital world.
How does the PDP Bill propose to regulate data transfer?
- To enact on the point, the Bill trifurcates individual information.
- The umbrella gathering is all close to home information — information from which an individual can be recognized.
- A few sorts of individual information are viewed as touchy individual information (SPD), which the Bill characterizes as money related, wellbeing, sexual direction, biometric, hereditary, transgender status, standing, strict conviction, and that’s only the tip of the iceberg.
- Another subset is basic individual information. The legislature whenever can esteem something basic, and has given models as military or national security information.
- The affirmed Bill requires singular assent for information move abroad.
- The Bill likewise requires delicate individual information to be put away just in India.
- It very well may be handled abroad just under specific conditions including endorsement of a Data Protection Agency (DPA).
- The last classification of basic individual information must be put away and handled in India.
- The Bill orders guardians to give the administration any non-individual information when requested. Non-individual information alludes to anonymised information, for example, traffic examples or segment information.
- The Bill requires internet based life organizations, to build up their very own client confirmation instrument.
- While the procedure can be deliberate for clients and can be totally planned by the organization, it might diminish the secrecy of clients and “forestall trolling”.
- The Bill incorporates exceptions for handling information without a person’s assent for “sensible purposes”, including security of the state, recognition of any unlawful action or misrepresentation, whistleblowing, and so on.
- The Bill requires the production of a free controller DPA, which will direct appraisals and reviews and definition making.
- Each organization will have a Data Protection Officer (DPO) who will contact with the DPA for evaluating, complaint redressal, recording upkeep and that’s only the tip of the iceberg.
- It additionally gives people the privilege to information conveyability, and the capacity to access and move one’s very own information.
- It administers on the privilege to be overlooked. With recorded roots in European Union law, this privilege enables a person to expel assent for information assortment and exposure.
The two sides of the debate:
For data localisation
- A typical contention from government authorities has been that information localisation will help law-requirement get to information for examinations and authorization.
- Starting at now, quite a bit of cross-fringe information move is represented by individual reciprocal “shared legitimate help arrangements” — a procedure that practically all partners concur is lumbering.
- What’s more, advocates feature protection from outside assaults and reconnaissance.
- The administration multiplied down on this contention after news broke that 121 Indian residents’ WhatsApp accounts were hacked by an Israeli programming called Pegasus.
- Numerous local conceived innovation organizations, which store the vast majority of their information only in India, bolster localisation. Eg: Paytm and Reliance Jio.
- Numerous economy partners state localisation will likewise build the capacity of the Indian government to assess Internet monsters.
Against the Bill
- Common society bunches have censured the open-finished special cases given to the legislature in the Bill, taking into consideration reconnaissance.
- Also, a few legal counselors fight that security and government get to are not accomplished by localisation.
- Regardless of whether the information is put away in the nation, the encryption keys may in any case be far from national offices.
- Innovation mammoths like Facebook and Google and their industry bodies, particularly those with critical connections to the US, have thrown substantial backfire.
- Many are worried about a broke Internet (or a “splinternet”), where the domino impact of protectionist strategy will prompt different nations sticking to this same pattern.
- Quite a bit of this supposition harkens to the estimations of a globalized, focused web commercial center, where expenses and speeds decide data streams as opposed to nationalistic outskirts.
- Adversaries state protectionism may blowback all alone youthful new businesses that are endeavoring worldwide development, or on bigger firms that procedure outside information in India, for example, Tata Consulting Services and Wipro.
Conclusion:
- Without an empowering law, the exclusions gave in the bill will miss the mark concerning verifying responsibility from the state for exercises, for example, trawl observation. The hazy areas must start open and parliamentary discussion before a last enactment happens as expected.
Connecting the dots :
- The information security charge ticks many boxes. Fundamentally analyze
ECONOMY
TOPIC: General Studies 3:
- Money-laundering and its prevention
Fugitive Economic Offender (FEO)
- A Mumbai PMLA judge proclaimed gem dealer Nirav Modi, an “outlaw monetary guilty party” (FEO) on a supplication by the Enforcement Directorate (ED).
Background:
- Diamantaire Nirav Modi is needed in the Rs13,570 crore-extortion caused to the Punjab National Bank.
- He left the nation to maintain a strategic distance from criminal indictment,
- In the wake of getting him announced a Fugitive Economic Offender (FEO), way has been cleared for the head test office to take his seaward resources.
- He is the subsequent resident to be announced FEO under the unique law.
- Beset alcohol aristocrat Vijay Mallya was the principal Indian national to be pronounced not long ago.
- Both Mallya and Nirav Modi are in the United Kingdom, and battling removal to India.
Fugitive Economic Offender (FEO):
- A FEO is characterized by The Fugitive Economic Offenders (FEO) Act, 2018 as “any person against whom a warrant for capture in connection to a planned offense has been given by any court in India, who (I) has left India in order to maintain a strategic distance from criminal indictment; or (ii) being abroad, will not come back to India to confront criminal arraignment”.
- The FEO Act points “to accommodate measures to prevent criminal monetary guilty parties from avoiding the procedure of law in India by remaining outside the purview of Indian courts, to safeguard the holiness of the standard of law in India and for issues associated therewith or accidental thereto.”.
- The FEO Bill happened in 2018.
Why was such a law required?
- Monetary offenses identify with misrepresentation, duplicating, illegal tax avoidance, tax avoidance, and so on.
- Among the laws accessible for indicting these offenses are The Prevention of Money-Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002, The Benami Properties Transactions Act, 1988, and The Companies Act, 2013.
- Areas of The Indian Penal Code, 1860 and The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, additionally spread offenses, for example, imitation and cheating.
- In 2017, Finance Ministry discharged a draft Bill to address instances of high-esteem monetary guilty parties escaping the nation to keep away from arraignment.
- It was seen that current common and criminal laws didn’t contain explicit arrangements to manage such guilty parties, and that another lawful structure was expected to arraign them.
- The service additionally contended that methodology under these laws were tedious, prompted barricades in examination and affected the money related wellbeing of banks.
- In March 2018, the Ministry of External Affairs expressed that more than 30 representatives, under scrutiny by the CBI and the ED, had slipped off to abstain from confronting indictment under the watchful eye of Indian courts.
What is the process for declaring an individual an FEO?
- Under the Act, an application must be recorded in the exceptional court asking that a specific individual might be pronounced a FEO.
- The application must be joined by “purposes behind the conviction that an individual is an outlaw monetary wrongdoer; any data accessible with regards to the whereabouts of the criminal financial guilty party; a rundown of properties or the estimation of such properties accepted to be the returns of wrongdoing, and so on.”
- The extraordinary court may then issue a notification to the person to show up at a predetermined spot, and drop the procedures if the individual goes along.
- Assuming, notwithstanding, the unique court is fulfilled that an individual is a FEO, it might, record so all together, alongside reasons.
- The court may then request the reallocation of the properties of the charged individual in India or abroad.
- On account of Nirav Modi, the ED recorded an application under the FEO Act in July 2018. On account of Mallya, the application was moved in June 2018, when the Act was as yet an Ordinance.
Connecting the dots:
- With new principles, ‘outlaw monetary guilty party’ law has more teeth. Remark.
(TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE)
Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section)
Q.1) Consider the following statements about Extra Neutral Alcohol
- It acts as the primary raw material for making alcoholic beverages
- It serves as an essential ingredient in the manufacture of cosmetics and personal care products such as perfumes, toiletries, hair spray
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.2) Uyghurs often seen in news is predominantly associated with which country?
- South Africa
- Australia
- Myanmar
- China
Q.3) Consider the following statements
- Repo rate is the rate at which Reserve Bank of India (RBI) loans money to the banking system
- The RBI is required by law to maintain retail inflation — which is based on Consumer Price Index (CPI) — at the 2% level (with a band of variation of 1 percentage point)
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.4) Consider the following statements about Zero First Information Report (FIR)
- in Zero FIR, any police station can register FIR irrespective of jurisdictional area but the investigation will be taken up the police in which place of occurrence reported in FIR.
- It is very helpful for public as it facilitates them by not allowing to make rounds of different police station for lodging the FIR.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
Q.5) Consider the following statements about Fugitive Economic Offender (FEO)
- FEO is defined as an individual who has committed offences involving an amount of 100 crore rupees or more and has ran away from India to avoid criminal prosecution.
- Only after theSupreme Court declares the person as FEO, the Government can confiscate all his properties.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
- 1 only
- 2 only
- Both 1 and 2
- Neither 1 nor 2
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